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The appearance of lumps in the breasts, increased sensitivity or pain before menstruation often cause concern. In such a situation, many women first of all think about an oncological disease. However, not all structural changes in the mammary glands are associated with a malignant process. One of the common causes of such symptoms is adenosis — a benign restructuring of the breast tissue.
At the medical center "Oxford Medical" in Kyiv, patients can undergo comprehensive diagnostics using expert-class equipment and receive individual recommendations regarding observation or treatment. The main thing is not to ignore the symptoms and to consult a doctor in a timely manner.
Adenosis is a benign proliferation of the glandular component of the mammary gland. In simple words, the number and volume of lobules (acini) from which the gland consists increase. Most often such changes are associated with hormonal imbalance, in particular with the relative predominance of estrogens.
Adenosis is referred to as forms of fibrocystic changes of the mammary glands and is considered as one of the variants of such a condition as diffuse mastopathy. It is important to understand: adenosis is not a malignant process. In most cases it requires observation or correction of hormonal disorders that affect the structure of the breast tissue.
Adenosis is classified according to two principles: according to the extent of changes in the tissue and according to their morphological features. Such division helps the doctor to correctly assess the situation and choose the optimal tactics of observation or treatment.
According to the extent of changes:
The changes involve a significant part of the tissue of the mammary glands, often on both sides. It is usually accompanied by cyclical pain, a feeling of tension and increased sensitivity before menstruation.
Localized adenosis of the mammary gland is characterized by proliferation of glandular tissue in one limited area. During examination or ultrasound, a denser zone without clear signs of malignancy may be identified. It is precisely this form that more often requires additional examination in order to exclude nodular formations.
According to morphological features:
It is characterized by an increase in the number of lobules without significant restructuring of their structure. It often belongs to the spectrum of fibrocystic changes and may have minimal clinical manifestations.
It combines proliferation of glandular structures with thickening of connective tissue. Due to increased density, it may imitate a nodular formation during palpation or mammography, therefore it may sometimes require additional examination to exclude other pathologies.
A rare variant in which small glandular structures with atypical morphological structure are formed. It requires biopsy and histological analysis.
Also a rare variant that is characterized by the formation of numerous small tubular structures.
The main cause of the development of adenosis is hormonal imbalance. The mammary glands react to fluctuations in the level of estrogens and progesterone. With the relative predominance of estrogens or insufficiency of progesterone, proliferation of glandular structures is activated, which leads to changes in the tissue.
The factors that may contribute to the formation of adenosis include:
In most cases adenosis does not have one specific cause. Usually it is a combination of hormonal, endocrine and external factors. That is why during the consultation the doctor may recommend not only examination of the mammary glands, but also assessment of the work of the endocrine system. A comprehensive approach allows not only to reduce the symptoms, but to influence the mechanisms of the development of changes.
The manifestations of adenosis may be different and depend on the form of changes
and the hormonal background of the woman. Most often patients note:
pain or a feeling of discomfort in the mammary glands;
a feeling of lumpiness or uneven density of the tissue;
increased breast sensitivity before menstruation;
swelling or increase in the volume of the glands in the second phase of the cycle.
The pain usually has a cyclical nature — it intensifies before menstruation and decreases after its onset. Such dependence on the phases of the cycle is typical for hormonally determined changes.
If persistent pain, rapid enlargement of the lump, skin retraction or discharge from the nipple appears, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible to clarify the cause.
The examination begins with a consultation with a mammologist. The doctor уточняет the nature of complaints, their connection with the menstrual cycle, the duration of symptoms, the presence of diagnosed gynecological or endocrine diseases, as well as family history.
After collecting the medical history, a clinical examination and palpation of the mammary glands are performed. In adenosis, uneven density of the tissue or a separate denser area may be determined.
The main method of instrumental diagnostics in women of young age is ultrasound examination. Ultrasound allows to assess the structure of the tissue, the nature of changes and their extent.
In women of older age or in the presence of suspicious areas, mammography is additionally prescribed. This examination helps to assess in detail the density of the tissue and to exclude other pathologies.
If necessary, the doctor may recommend:
Biopsy is prescribed only in cases when it is necessary to уточнить the nature of the neoplasm. In most patients, clinical examination and instrumental imaging methods are sufficient.
The treatment tactics depend on the form of adenosis and the severity of symptoms. Not every case requires medication therapy. If the changes do not cause significant discomfort, the doctor may recommend dynamic observation with regular monitoring of the condition.
If pronounced adenosis of the mammary gland is confirmed, treatment is aimed прежде всего at устранение hormonal imbalance and reduction of clinical manifestations. Medication therapy may include:
In case of detection of thyroid gland diseases, insulin resistance or gynecological pathology, treatment is carried out comprehensively. Consultations of doctors of relevant specialties may be recommended.
An important part of therapy is lifestyle correction. It is recommended:
In most cases adenosis responds well to conservative therapy. Regular observation and timely correction of hormonal disorders allow to control the condition of the breast tissue and to prevent progression of changes.
The cost of treatment depends on the form of adenosis, the severity of symptoms and the scope of necessary examinations. In some cases dynamic observation with periodic ultrasound is sufficient, in others — medication therapy and additional consultations of related specialists may be required. That is why there is no fixed price for the treatment of adenosis.
You can ознакомиться with the current prices for a consultation with a mammologist and other medical services at the clinic "Oxford Medical" here.
More detailed information regarding the individual treatment program and its cost will be provided by the doctor during the initial appointment. To make an appointment for a consultation, contact the contact center or use the online appointment form on the website.
In most cases adenosis is a benign process and does not pose a direct threat to life. The danger lies not in the disease itself, but in the possibility of missing another pathology without proper examination. That is why it is important to regularly undergo examinations and follow-up studies.
No, sclerosing adenosis is not a malignant formation. It is a variant of benign restructuring of the tissue with proliferation of glandular and connective tissue structures. However, due to the density of the tissue, it may require additional diagnostics for accurate confirmation of the diagnosis.
Yes, ultrasound examination allows to detect characteristic changes in the structure of the tissue, assess their extent and exclude the presence of suspicious nodular formations. Ultrasound is one of the main diagnostic methods, especially in women of young age.
Modern diagnostics. Expert-class equipment is used to perform ultrasound and mammography, which allows to accurately assess the nature of the changes.
Individual approach. The treatment tactics are selected taking into account the age, hormonal status and reproductive plans of the patient.
Qualified doctors. Appointments are conducted by experienced mammologists who work in accordance with modern clinical guidelines.
Comprehensiveness of care. If necessary, the patient can receive consultation of related specialists and undergo the full range of necessary examinations in one medical center.
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