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Pain, a feeling of tension or swelling in the breasts — one of the most common reasons for consulting a mammologist. Such symptoms may appear periodically or persist constantly, causing anxiety and numerous questions. The cause may be diffuse mastopathy.
Despite the alarming name, in most cases it refers to benign changes in the tissues of the mammary gland, which require monitoring or therapy, but do not pose a direct threat. The main thing is to undergo an examination in a timely manner and receive professional recommendations.
At the medical center «Oxford Medical» in Kyiv, patients can undergo comprehensive diagnostics and receive an individually selected treatment program taking into account age, hormonal background, and reproductive plans.
Diffuse mastopathy is benign structural changes in the tissue of the mammary glands that arise against the background of hormonal fluctuations. This form is characterized by scattered changes without the formation of a separate node or clearly defined tumor — the restructuring covers a significant part of the gland.
Most often, diffuse mastopathy of both mammary glands develops, which manifests itself with symmetrical changes. This indicates the systemic, hormonally conditioned nature of the changes, and not a local neoplasm.
Depending on the predominance of one or another tissue component, the following morphological variants are distinguished:
It is important to understand: diffuse mastopathy is not a malignant process. This is a variant of benign hormonally conditioned restructuring of the mammary glands, which requires monitoring and, if necessary, correction of the hormonal background or symptomatic therapy.
The main prerequisite for the development of diffuse mastopathy is a disturbance of hormonal balance in a woman's body. The mammary glands are very sensitive to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, therefore even a minor imbalance can affect the structure of the tissue and cause its gradual restructuring.
Most often it is about a relative predominance of estrogens against the background of progesterone deficiency. Under such conditions, the processes of proliferation of glandular and connective tissue components are activated, which leads to the formation of diffuse changes.
The factors that may contribute to the development of the disease include:
It is important to take into account that diffuse bilateral mastopathy rarely has one specific cause. Usually this is a combination of several factors — hormonal, metabolic, and external. That is why during the consultation the doctor may recommend not only an examination of the mammary glands, but also an assessment of the functioning of the endocrine and reproductive systems. Identification and correction of provoking factors is a key stage of treatment, since without eliminating hormonal imbalance the changes may progress.
The most common symptoms of diffuse mastopathy:
dull or aching pain in the breasts, a feeling of tension;
swelling of the mammary glands, induration or “graininess” of the tissue on palpation;
increase in breast volume before menstruation;
in some cases — discharge from the nipples.
The pain usually has a cyclical nature: it intensifies in the second phase of the menstrual cycle and decreases after the onset of menstruation. Such dependence on hormonal changes is characteristic of the diffuse form.
Typical signs of diffuse mastopathy include symmetry of changes — unpleasant sensations more often occur in both mammary glands simultaneously. At the same time, a clearly limited node is usually not determined.
If the pain becomes constant, a local induration appears, the shape of the breasts changes, or bloody discharge from the nipple occurs, it is necessary to urgently undergo an examination in order to exclude other diseases.
The examination begins with a detailed collection of medical history. The doctor уточняет the nature of the pain, its connection with the menstrual cycle, the duration of symptoms, the presence of diagnosed gynecological or endocrine disorders. After that, a clinical examination and palpation of the mammary glands are performed. In the diffuse form, uneven tissue density without a clearly defined node is usually determined.
The main instrumental method is ultrasound examination. Ultrasound allows assessment of the tissue structure and confirmation of the nature of the changes. During the examination, the doctor уточняет which specific variant of diffuse changes predominates, in particular whether fibroadenosis of the mammary glands or another form is present, and also excludes the presence of local nodular neoplasms.
Depending on the age of the patient and the clinical situation, the following may additionally be prescribed:
Treatment tactics are determined individually. If the symptoms are minimal and do not affect the quality of life, the doctor may recommend dynamic observation with regular follow-up examinations and ultrasound.
In case of pronounced clinical manifestations, the following may be used in treatment:
An important part of treatment is a change in lifestyle: normalization of sleep patterns, reduction of stress, control of body weight, limitation of caffeine and excess fatty food.
In most cases, diffuse mastopathy responds well to conservative therapy. Regular monitoring makes it possible to control the condition of the tissue and timely adjust treatment depending on dynamics.
During pregnancy, the mammary glands undergo natural hormonal restructuring: their sensitivity increases, a feeling of tension or swelling is possible. In some women, the symptoms of mastopathy temporarily intensify, in others — on the contrary decrease. During this period, the main method of control is ultrasound, which is safe for the mother and the child.
After childbirth and during the lactation period, the condition of the tissue also changes. In many cases, breastfeeding itself contributes to the stabilization of the hormonal background and reduction of the manifestations of the disease. At the same time, it is important to monitor the condition of the mammary glands and promptly consult a doctor if pronounced pain, indurations, or discharge appear.
The cost of treatment depends on the severity of the changes, the required scope of examinations, and individually selected therapy. You can ознакомиться with the prices for consultations with a mammologist and other medical services here. The doctor will provide more detailed information regarding the program and the cost of treatment during the initial appointment.
To make an appointment for a consultation, contact the contact center or use the online booking form on the website.
In most cases, diffuse mastopathy is a benign process and does not pose a direct threat to life. It is not equated with an oncological disease. However, without monitoring, the changes may progress or mask other pathologies, therefore regular examinations and ultrasound of the mammary glands are mandatory.
The most characteristic manifestation is cyclical breast pain that intensifies before menstruation. Sensations of tension, swelling, and increased breast tenderness are also possible. Symptoms usually decrease after the onset of menstruation, which is associated with hormonal changes.
Management depends on the severity of symptoms and examination results. Moderate diffuse mastopathy that does not cause discomfort often requires only observation. In cases of pain or progression, therapy is prescribed to normalize hormonal balance and reduce symptoms.
It is recommended to limit caffeine, excessive fatty and fried foods, and reduce salt intake. The diet should include more vegetables, fruits, fiber-rich foods, and an adequate amount of water. A balanced diet and body weight control help stabilize hormonal balance.
Yes, ultrasound examination makes it possible to detect characteristic diffuse changes in the structure of breast tissue, assess the presence of cystic inclusions and fibrous areas. Ultrasound is the main diagnostic method, especially in young women.
Modern diagnostics. Ultrasound and mammography are performed using expert-class equipment.
Individual approach. The treatment program is selected taking into account the patient’s age, hormonal status, and comorbidities.
Qualified mammologists. Consultations are provided by specialists with many years of experience who work in accordance with modern clinical guidelines.
Comfort and confidentiality. Appointments are conducted in a calm environment with adherence to medical ethics principles.
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