During the consultation, the endocrinologist first talks to the patient, identifies complaints, and studies the medical history. Based on the collected data, they determine which tests are needed to make a diagnosis. The doctor may prescribe:
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blood tests for hormones;
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ultrasound of the thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, and other organs;
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X-ray;
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computed tomography (CT);
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biopsy — sampling of tissue for histological analysis.
Laboratory diagnostics play a key role in identifying endocrine disorders. It allows determining the hormone content in the blood and, accordingly, clarifying which gland functions are impaired. Most commonly, tests are done for thyroid hormones (T3, T4, etc.), adrenal hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, adrenaline, etc.), pancreatic hormones (insulin), ovarian hormones (estrogens, androgens), and pituitary hormones (vasopressin, oxytocin, ACTH).
Ultrasound diagnostics also have great importance. It helps detect changes in organ structure, hyperplasia, neoplasms, and other pathologies.
The remaining tests are additional and are performed less frequently, when it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis.