Treatment of Endometritis

Lower abdominal pain, cycle disorders, unusual discharge or deterioration of well-being after childbirth or gynecological interventions are signals that should not be ignored. One of the possible causes of such symptoms may be a disease endometritis — inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus. Timely consultation with a gynecologist makes it possible to quickly determine the cause of complaints and select treatment that will help preserve reproductive health and prevent complications.

Diagnosis of endometritis is based on a combination of clinical data, examination results, and instrumental and laboratory studies. It is important not only to confirm the presence of an inflammatory process, but also to determine its form — acute or chronic.

The examination usually includes:

• gynecological examination with assessment of the condition of the cervix and the nature of discharge;

• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs to assess the structure of the endometrium;

• laboratory blood tests and smears to identify the infectious agent;

• if necessary — hysteroscopy for visual assessment of the uterine cavity.

Ultrasound examination is one of the main methods of diagnosing this disease, as it makes it possible to assess the condition of the endometrium in real time. During the examination, the doctor determines its thickness, structure, and uniformity. Possible signs of endometritis on ultrasound may include thickening or heterogeneity of the endometrium, the presence of intrauterine fluid, or other structural changes. At the same time, ultrasound results are always evaluated in combination with clinical symptoms and laboratory data.

In case of suspicion of a chronic process, the doctor may recommend a pipelle biopsy of the endometrium. This is a minimally traumatic procedure for taking a sample of the mucous membrane of the uterus for histological examination. It makes it possible to detect signs of prolonged inflammation, structural changes, and confirm the diagnosis even with minimal clinical manifestations. During histological examination, markers of chronic endometritis may be identified, which confirm the presence of a prolonged inflammatory process in the endometrium.

The treatment regimen for endometritis is determined individually — taking into account the form of the disease, the severity of symptoms, the results of examinations, and the reproductive plans of the woman. The goal of therapy is to eliminate inflammation, eradicate the infection, and restore the normal function of the endometrium.

In the acute process, treatment of uterine endometritis is aimed at rapid suppression of infection and prevention of complications. The basis is antibacterial therapy, which is selected taking into account the clinical picture and test results. Depending on the patient’s condition, medications may be administered orally or intravenously. In case of pronounced symptoms of intoxication or risk of spread of infection, treatment may be carried out in a hospital setting.

If inflammation occurred after childbirth, termination of pregnancy, or intrauterine interventions, the doctor обязательно assesses the condition of the uterine cavity. In case of detection of tissue remnants or impaired outflow of contents, instrumental cleaning of the uterine cavity may be recommended.

Methods of treatment of chronic inflammation are more comprehensive in nature. In this case, it is important not only to eliminate the infectious factor, but also to restore the structure of the mucous membrane of the uterus and its ability to normal cyclic changes. Treatment may include:

• antibacterial therapy — in the presence of a confirmed infectious process;

• hormonal correction to normalize the menstrual cycle;

• medications that improve blood supply and restoration of the endometrium;

• agents for restoration of microflora;

• physiotherapeutic methods that contribute to reduction of chronic inflammation.

Timely consultation with a gynecologist and adherence to an individually selected treatment regimen in most cases make it possible to achieve stable remission or complete recovery and preserve reproductive health.

Self-medication or premature discontinuation of medications increases the risk of transition of the acute form to chronic. A prolonged inflammatory process may lead to intrauterine adhesions, menstrual cycle disorders, and decreased fertility.

To reduce the risk of developing inflammation of the uterine lining, it is recommended to:

• undergo preventive examinations with a gynecologist at least once a year;

• timely treat sexually transmitted infections and other inflammatory diseases;

• follow the doctor’s recommendations after childbirth, termination of pregnancy, or gynecological procedures;

• not engage in self-medication in case of pain, pathological discharge, or cycle disorders;

• use barrier methods of contraception when there is a risk of infection.

Women who are planning pregnancy are advised to undergo examination even before conception, especially if there were previously cycle disorders, inflammatory processes, or difficulties with conception. Early diagnosis and treatment make it possible to minimize risks and preserve reproductive health.