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Kidney stones form when an excess of salts and minerals accumulates in the urine, which gradually crystallize and form dense deposits. In the initial stages, this process may go unnoticed, but over time such formations can disrupt the outflow of urine and affect kidney function.
Most often, kidney nephrolithiasis makes itself known suddenly — when the stone begins to move or enters the urinary tract. In such cases, an acute condition may occur — renal colic, which is accompanied by intense pain and requires emergency care.
At the medical center “Oxford Medical”, comprehensive diagnostics are carried out using modern equipment, which allows accurately determining the size, location, and features of the stones. Based on the results, the doctor selects the optimal treatment method taking into account the clinical situation. Whenever possible, minimally invasive methods are used, which allow removing the stones with minimal intervention and quick recovery.
Schedule a consultation with a urologist at “Oxford Medical” to identify the problem in time and begin effective treatment.
The formation of kidney stones is associated with changes in the composition of urine and metabolic disorders. When an excess of salts accumulates in the urine, they gradually crystallize and form dense deposits.
Most often, kidney stones occur under the influence of several factors:
In some cases, stones may form only in one kidney — for example, in the right or left one, however, nephrolithiasis of both kidneys sometimes develops. Understanding the causes of stone formation is important for choosing treatment and for the further prevention of their recurrence.
In the early stages, urolithiasis may not cause complaints. Symptoms usually appear when they
increase in size or begin to move through the urinary tract.
If kidney stones have developed, the symptoms may be as follows:
sharp pain in the lower back that may radiate to the groin or abdomen;
wave-like intense pain (renal colic);
frequent urges to urinate or discomfort during urination;
burning sensation during urination;
the appearance of blood impurities in the urine;
nausea or vomiting during an attack of pain;
cloudiness or a change in the color of the urine;
an increase in temperature when an infection is added.
Special attention should be paid separately to the symptoms of kidney stones passing out. At this moment, the pain may intensify, become wave-like, and be accompanied by frequent urges to urinate. Cutting pain, a burning sensation, the appearance of blood in the urine, and a general deterioration in well-being are also possible. The severity of the symptoms depends on the size of the calculus and its movement through the urinary tract.
The examination begins with a consultation with a urologist. During the appointment, the doctor clarifies the complaints, assesses the symptoms, and determines which tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Main diagnostic methods:
After the diagnosis is established, the doctor selects the treatment tactics depending on the size of the calculus, its location, density, and the presence of symptoms.
Main treatment methods:
It is used for small calculi when there is a probability of their independent passage. The doctor prescribes medications to reduce pain, relieve spasm of the urinary tract, and facilitate the passage of the stone.
This is a method of crushing calculi using shock waves without incisions. The kidney stone is broken down into small fragments, which are later excreted with the urine. The procedure is minimally invasive and usually does not require a long recovery.
It is performed through the urinary tract without external incisions. The doctor uses a special instrument to find the calculus and remove it or crush it, most often with a laser. The method allows the problem to be precisely eliminated even when the calculus is located in a complex position.
It is used for large stones in the kidney. Through a small access in the lumbar region, the doctor gains access to the kidney and removes or crushes the calculus. The method is more invasive, but effective in complex cases.
It is used in complex cases — for example, with large calculi that cannot be removed by other methods, or in case of complications. The extent of the intervention is determined individually after the examination.
Without timely treatment, kidney stones can lead to complications, especially if the outflow of urine is disrupted or an infection is added. That is why urolithiasis requires monitoring and properly selected treatment.
Possible complications:
Timely consultation with a doctor makes it possible to prevent the development of complications and preserve kidney function.
After treatment, it is important not only to eliminate the calculus, but also to prevent its repeated formation. Prevention depends on the causes of stone formation and lifestyle, so the doctor selects the recommendations individually.
To reduce the risk, it is important to:
Prevention helps reduce the risk of repeated stone formation and maintain normal kidney function.
The tactics of treating kidney stones are selected individually after the examination and depend on the size of the stone, its location, the presence of symptoms, and the general condition of the patient. Accordingly, the price of treatment may vary.
At the Oxford Medical clinic, modern medical services in the field of urology are available, which make it possible to effectively treat stones taking into account the clinical situation. You can ознакомиться with the current prices here. The doctor will provide you with more detailed information about the possibilities, the program, and the cost of treatment during the consultation.
To make an appointment, use the online booking form or contact the contact center by phone number. You can also order a callback at a convenient time for you.
During the passage of the calculus, it is important to reduce the pain and prevent complications. Usually, the doctor recommends pain-relieving and antispasmodic medications, a sufficient drinking regimen, and ultrasound monitoring. If the pain intensifies, the temperature rises, or urination is disturbed, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately, since the stone may block the ureter and require urgent treatment.
The pain is usually sharp, intense, and occurs suddenly. Most often, it is localized in the lower back and may radiate to the abdomen, groin, or inner thigh. This condition is called renal colic. The pain is often wave-like and may be accompanied by nausea, weakness, and disturbed urination.
The duration of treatment depends on the size of the calculus, its location, and the chosen method. A small kidney stone may pass on its own within a few days or weeks. If the stone is larger or causes pronounced symptoms, treatment may include medication therapy or minimally invasive procedures for removal.
The time it takes for the stone to pass depends on its size, shape, and movement through the urinary tract. Small calculi may pass in a few days, sometimes within a few weeks. If the stone gets stuck or causes pain, independent passage becomes complicated and medical intervention may be needed.
Ultrasound, laboratory tests, and CT are used for diagnosis. These methods make it possible to detect kidney calculi, assess their size, density, and location. Based on the results, the doctor determines the treatment tactics and the risks of complications.
Without treatment, stones can disrupt the outflow of urine, cause severe pain, and lead to inflammatory processes. In complex cases, this leads to enlargement of the kidney, infection, or a decrease in its function. That is why it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner and monitor the condition.
Experienced doctors. Treatment is carried out by experienced urologists who select the optimal tactics taking into account the patient's condition.
Modern diagnostics. It is possible to perform ultrasound, CT, and MRI on expert-class equipment for an accurate assessment of the condition of the kidneys.
Minimally invasive treatment methods. Gentle approaches are used that make it possible to effectively eliminate calculi with minimal intervention and quick recovery.
Comprehensive approach. A full cycle of care — from diagnostics and a doctor's consultation to inpatient treatment.
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