Surgery treatment of spleen cysts

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A cyst is a benign hollow neoplasm filled with fluid, separated by a capsule from the adjacent tissues. In many cases, spleen neoplasms are the result of diseases of other organs and systems: blood diseases, immune disorders, tumors, systemic diseases or spleen injuries.

he disease manifestation varies depending on the location of the formation, its type and size. Small cysts up to 2 cm may not manifest themselves in any way. Usually the first symptoms are noted when the neoplasm becomes inflamed or squeezes the adjacent blood vessels.

The list of possible symptoms includes:

• persistent or colicky pain in the abdomen or on the left side;

• unexplained weight loss;

• constant heaviness or feeling of fullness in the stomach;

• fever;

• inexplicable fatigue.

As the cyst increases in size, the pain becomes more intense, and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting for no obvious reason. When the inflammatory process takes place chills and fever occur.

Rupture of spleen cyst with the contents of the cyst leaking into the abdominal cavity causes acute attacks of pain, severe intoxication and peritonitis.

Suppuration of the cyst and general intoxication of the body may develop, if infection penetrates the cyst. Infectious processes or other diseases of the spleen together with neoplasms can degenerate into malignant tumors.

In most cases spleen cysts are detected with the help of ultrasound or computed tomography during routine examinations, or during the digestive system diagnosis. Spleen neoplasms can appear as a result of gut-dwelling helminths, so doctors often prescribe bacteriological studies to make sure that they are absent.

According to the statistics, hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, lymphomas, and fibroids are most often diagnosed from benign spleen tumors.

Malignant spleen neoplasms can be divided into primary and secondary (metastatic). Primary neoplasms are sarcomas, malignant lymphomas and other formations, the primary location of which finds itself in the spleen. Secondary tumors include metastases in the spleen caused by cancer of other organs. CT scan of the abdominal organs with a contrast material is usually performed to exclude cancer.

If other methods of treatment do not give results, splenectomy is prescribed – partial resection of the spleen tissue or removal of the organ completely.

Surgical treatment of cysts or spleen tumors is performed by means of the laparoscopic method – it is a minimally invasive method, which leaves practically no traces, allows performing of diagnostic or therapeutic manipulations on other abdominal organs in parallel. Rehabilitation period after surgery is quick and easy.

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