Surgery treatment of liver cysts

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Cysts are hollow formations filled with fluid. By origin cysts are congenital and acquired. Congenital cysts are associated with the peculiarities of intrauterine organ formation. At the moment it has not been clearly identified which factors cause the formation of non-parasitic liver cysts. Infections or injuries can contribute to their development.

Some types of cysts are parasitic, formed as a result of invasion of microorganisms (for example, echinococcal and amoebic cysts). The structure of a parasitic cyst is somewhat different from the structure of a simple one, but sometimes in the early stages of formation, it is problematic to distinguish cysts only by structural features.

False cysts are formed as a result of necrosis of other neoplasms, injuries, parasitic liver damage, etc.

SIGNS OF A LIVER CYST

Symptoms of liver cyst depend on its size and location in the organ. Increasing, the cyst disrupts blood circulation to the liver and adjacent organs, and can eventually lead to liver dysfunction. Symptoms of this pathology may include:

• pain, feeling of pressure in the abdomen;
• nausea, vomiting;
• yellow eye sclera, skin or mucous membranes;
• rapid loss of appetite and weight;
• general weakness;
• urine becomes dark and fecal masses become light.

Pedunculated cysts may twist or tear. As a result bleeding, which causes acute attacks of abdominal pain, may occur. Parasitic cysts can be accompanied by fever, weakness, and other signs of the inflammatory process.

COMPLICATIONS CAUSED BY A LIVER CYST

Cysts can rupture and the substrate they contain gets into the abdominal cavity. This process is accompanied by significant bleeding, which causes acute attacks of pain, up to loss of consciousness. If the cyst is complicated by an inflammatory process, suppuration and liver abscess may occur.

If the cyst squeezes the adjacent bile ducts, the symptoms of jaundice develop. Liver cysts can contribute to the development of cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Cases of degeneration of cysts into malignant tumors are also recorded.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LIVER CYSTS

The size, location, and number of liver cysts are key parameters for choosing a treatment method. Detected single small liver cysts that do not have any symptoms and do not increase in size are subject to monitoring in dynamics, except the cases when they block the liver pathways. If the cyst quickly increases in size, or it interferes with the normal functioning of the liver or other adjacent organs, its removal is indicated.

The treatment strategy also depends on the number of detected formations. Multiple formations of cysts in the liver – polycystic disease, requires immediate treatment.

Modern laparoscopic technique allows with the help of a minimally invasive way to get a high-quality image of the liver, to establish the presence of pathologies, to perform a targeted biopsy. This makes it possible to detect neoplasms and immediately determine their nature (whether they are malignant) and conduct surgical treatment.

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