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Inflammation of the ovaries may for a long time proceed with barely noticeable symptoms or, on the contrary, manifest as acute pain and significant deterioration of well-being. Regardless of the manifestations of the disease, it is important not to postpone contacting a gynecologist. Without timely treatment, the inflammatory process may spread to neighboring organs and lead to the development of complications.
At the Oxford Medical clinic, a full range of medical care is available — from consultation with a gynecologist and diagnostics to outpatient or inpatient treatment. The therapy plan is drawn up individually after establishing the exact diagnosis. To undergo an examination and start treatment, make an appointment with a gynecologist by phone or through the online appointment form on the website.
Oophoritis — is inflammation of one or both ovaries. The ovaries — are paired sex glands that participate in the maturation of egg cells and the production of female sex hormones. Because of this, the inflammatory process may affect the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and reproductive function.
In most cases, oophoritis develops simultaneously with inflammation of other organs of the reproductive system. To establish an accurate diagnosis and choose treatment tactics, it is important to determine the extent of the inflammatory process.
Oophoritis is divided into forms depending on the duration of the course and the extent of the inflammatory process. Such classification helps the doctor assess the severity of the disease and choose the correct treatment tactics.
By course, the following are distinguished:
By localization, the following are distinguished:
Also, oophoritis may be isolated or combined with other inflammatory processes in the small pelvis. If inflammation of the fallopian tubes, cervix, endometrium, or surrounding tissues develops simultaneously, the doctor takes into account the extent of the process when choosing treatment tactics.
Most often, inflammation of the ovaries has an infectious origin. Pathogens can enter the pelvic organs by an ascending route — from the vagina and cervix, and also spread from the uterus or fallopian tubes. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs often have a polymicrobial nature and may be associated with chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), gonococci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), anaerobic and other bacteria.
Possible causes of oophoritis include:
Some infections, in particular STIs in women, may proceed without pronounced symptoms. Because of this, the disease sometimes remains untreated and creates conditions for the spread of the inflammatory process to the upper sections of the reproductive system.
The risk of developing oophoritis is increased by:
Oophoritis does not always occur immediately after infection enters the body. Inflammation may develop gradually, especially if the infectious process remains untreated for a long time.
Symptoms of inflammation of the ovaries in women depend on the form of the disease.
In acute oophoritis, complaints are usually more pronounced, and in a chronic course
they may be moderate and periodically intensify.
Possible symptoms of oophoritis:
pain in the ovaries or in the lower abdomen on one or both sides;
unusual vaginal discharge;
pain during sexual intercourse;
If the inflammation is localized on one side, the patient may feel pain in the ovary on the right or on the left. But by the nature of the pain it is impossible to determine exactly which organ is affected, therefore with such symptoms a consultation with a gynecologist is needed.
Doctors of «Oxford Medical» note: sometimes oophoritis has an erased course: without high temperature and sharp pain. In such cases, the disease may manifest as periodic discomfort in the lower abdomen, painful menstruation, or unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse.
Diagnosis of oophoritis begins with a consultation with a gynecologist. During the appointment, the doctor clarifies when the symptoms appeared, where exactly the pain is localized, whether there is a menstrual cycle disorder, unusual discharge, increased temperature, and also performs a gynecological examination.
To clarify the diagnosis, the following may be prescribed:
Ultrasound allows assessing the condition of the ovaries, detecting their enlargement, structural changes, the presence of fluid in the small pelvis, or other signs of inflammation of the ovary. If necessary, the doctor may recommend additional examinations to clarify the diagnosis or exclude other diseases.
Doctors of «Oxford Medical» explain: oophoritis may have similar manifestations with other pathologies of the pelvic organs and urinary system, in particular cystitis or pyelonephritis. That is why the final diagnosis is established only based on the results of a comprehensive examination.
With oophoritis, treatment tactics depend on the course of the disease: uncomplicated inflammation is usually treated with medication, and with an abscess, accumulation of pus, or absence of effect from drugs, surgery may be needed.
In the uncomplicated course of oophoritis, medication therapy is used. It is prescribed taking into account the cause of inflammation, the severity of pain, the presence of temperature, and the general condition of the patient.
Therapy may include:
The duration of treatment is determined individually. If the cause of the disease is a sexually transmitted infection, the doctor may recommend examination and treatment of the sexual partner. With high temperature, pronounced pain, intoxication, or risk of complications, treatment may be carried out in an inpatient department, where the patient is under constant medical supervision.
Surgery is considered in the complicated course of oophoritis.
Indications may be:
During the operation, the doctor eliminates the source of purulent inflammation: opens and drains the abscess, removes purulent contents, performs sanitation of the focus of infection, and, if necessary, separates adhesions. The scope of intervention depends on the condition of the ovary and appendages.
At «Oxford Medical», operations are performed in a modern surgical inpatient department. Interventions are performed by experienced gynecologist-surgeons using endoscopic equipment. In most cases, laparoscopic access is used — through several small punctures of the anterior abdominal wall, without a large incision. This allows reducing the traumatic nature of the operation, lowering the risk of complications, shortening the recovery period, and minimizing postoperative pain.
Without timely treatment, the infectious process may spread to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and other structures of the small pelvis, become chronic, and increase the risk of complications.
Possible consequences:
A situation when inflammation covers not only the ovary, but also the fallopian tube requires especially careful attention. In such a case, adnexitis may develop, and the risk of complications increases due to the involvement of several organs of the reproductive system.
Doctors of «Oxford Medical» recommend not waiting until the pain becomes severe or the symptoms begin to recur more often. The earlier treatment is started, the greater the chances of stopping inflammation before the development of a chronic process and complications.
Prevention is primarily aimed at timely detection and treatment of infections that may spread to the pelvic organs. It is important not to ignore even moderate symptoms, especially if they recur or appeared after unprotected sexual contact.
To reduce the risk of inflammation of the ovary, it is recommended:
After gynecological interventions, it is important to follow the doctor’s recommendations and attend follow-up examinations within the specified timeframes. This helps notice signs of inflammation in time and reduce the risk of its spread to the ovaries.
The cost of treatment of oophoritis depends on the form of the disease, the scope of diagnostics, and the tactics of therapy, including the need for inpatient treatment or surgical intervention. The approximate cost can be determined by the doctor after examination and establishing the diagnosis.
You can find out the prices for consultations with doctors here. The doctor will orient you in more detail regarding the necessary medical services and their cost during the appointment. To make an appointment, leave an online request through the form on the website or contact the clinic's contact center.
The information is for informational purposes and does not replace a doctor's consultation.
Sources:
It is not always possible to completely cure inflammation of the ovaries in chronic form, especially if the process lasts a long time or has already led to structural changes in the tissues. However, in many cases, sustained remission can be achieved — a condition when symptoms are absent and inflammation is not active.
Pregnancy is possible, but active inflammation may complicate conception and increase the risk of complications. It is better to plan pregnancy after a consultation with a gynecologist and completion of treatment. It is especially important to assess the condition of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Yes, with oophoritis, a delay in menstruation or other cycle disorders is possible. Inflammation may affect the work of the ovaries and hormonal regulation. But a delay has many causes, so pregnancy and other gynecological diseases need to be excluded.
During active inflammation, sexual contacts are better temporarily limited. They may increase pain and discomfort. If oophoritis is associated with a sexually transmitted infection, sex before completing the course of treatment increases the risk of reinfection.
No, if inflammation of the ovaries is suspected, this must not be done. Heat may intensify the inflammatory process, especially if there is a purulent complication.
With acute inflammation, pain, temperature, or weakness, sports activities need to be temporarily stopped. Physical exertion may increase pain and worsen well-being. Returning to training is possible after a doctor's examination and completion of the main treatment.
Comprehensive examination. At the clinic, it is possible to undergo a consultation with a gynecologist, laboratory diagnostics, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, as well as CT or MRI according to medical indications.
Modern treatment methods. The therapy regimen is determined individually, taking into account the cause of inflammation and the course of the disease.
Laparoscopic surgery. In the complicated course of oophoritis, surgical treatment in most cases is performed by a minimally invasive method.
Inpatient treatment. If necessary, patients may undergo treatment in an inpatient setting under the supervision of doctors with the provision of all necessary medical procedures.
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