Anoscopy

Anoscopy is an instrumental examination of the anal canal and the lower part of the rectum using an anoscope. It is a short tube with a light that the doctor carefully inserts through the anal opening. The instrument makes it possible to examine the mucous membrane in detail and detect changes that cannot be fully assessed during an external examination.

The doctors at “Oxford Medical” explain: anoscopy differs from endoscopic diagnostics of the rectum, sigmoid colon, or the entire large intestine. It covers a small area, so it usually does not require anesthesia or complex preparation and can be performed during the initial appointment.

Anoscopy of the rectum helps assess the condition of the anal canal and the lower part of the rectum.

With the help of the examination, the doctor can detect:

• internal hemorrhoidal nodes;
• anal fissures;
• inflammation, erosions, and damage to the mucous membrane;
• polyps, condylomas, and other formations in the anal canal;
• the source of bleeding;
• scar changes or narrowing of the anal canal.

The examination results help clarify the diagnosis and determine whether the patient needs additional examinations.

The doctors at “Oxford Medical” emphasize: blood after defecation, a change in the nature of bowel movements, or a sensation of incomplete emptying may be manifestations of both common proctological diseases and neoplasms. Early diagnosis of rectal cancer and other diseases makes it possible to start treatment in a timely manner and increase its effectiveness.

Anoscopy is not performed or is temporarily postponed if it may increase pain, bleeding, or other symptoms.

Contraindications include:

• acute thrombosis of hemorrhoidal nodes with pronounced pain and swelling;
• severe spasm of the anal sphincter;
• an acute anal fissure with intense pain;
• heavy bleeding from the anal canal;
• acute inflammation or trauma in the examination area;
• significant narrowing of the anal canal.

After the acute symptoms have decreased, the examination can usually be performed. The proctologist makes the decision about its appropriateness individually during the examination.

In most cases, complex preparation for anoscopy is not required. Before the appointment, it is sufficient to perform usual hygiene of the perianal area and, if possible, empty the bowel naturally.

Before the examination, it is recommended to:

• not use rectal suppositories, ointments, or other topical medications without consulting a proctologist;
• inform the doctor if there is severe pain, heavy bleeding, or other acute symptoms;
• bring the results of previous proctological examinations, if they were performed.

The doctors at “Oxford Medical” advise against performing an enema or microenema on your own. If additional bowel cleansing is required, the doctor will provide the appropriate recommendations in advance.

Proper preparation helps make the examination comfortable and obtain reliable results.

The examination is often performed directly during a consultation with a proctologist. The patient lies on their side with their legs bent or assumes another comfortable position.

A special gel is applied to the anoscope, and it is carefully inserted into the anal canal. The doctor gradually examines the mucous membrane, assessing its condition in different areas. During the procedure, pressure or an urge to defecate may be felt, but pronounced pain is usually absent.

Anoscopy does not require general anesthesia. In cases of increased sensitivity, the doctor may apply a local anesthetic. The examination lasts about 5–10 minutes, and after it is completed, the patient can immediately return to their usual activities.

After anoscopy, mild discomfort may persist, which usually passes quickly. If the patient feels well, they can immediately return to their daily activities.

After the procedure, it is recommended to:

• follow usual hygiene of the perianal area;
• avoid excessive straining during defecation;
• drink enough water and consume foods that help prevent constipation;
• follow the doctor’s individual recommendations regarding further examination or treatment.

These recommendations help avoid additional irritation after the examination. If pronounced pain, heavy bleeding, or other unusual symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a proctologist.

You can view the current prices for doctor consultations and anoscopy here. At the “Oxford Medical” medical center, anoscopy is performed according to modern clinical standards using high-quality equipment. Experienced proctologists provide a delicate approach, devote sufficient time to the examination, and explain its results in detail. To schedule a consultation, call the contact center or use the online appointment form on the website.

The information is for informational purposes and does not replace a doctor’s consultation.

Sources:

• NCBI Bookshelf
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
• American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy