Removal of perianal papillomas and condylomas

Anal condylomas and papillomas are benign neoplasms that may appear on the skin around the anus or on the mucous membrane of the anal canal. In most cases, their appearance is associated with infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).

A perianal papilloma is located on the skin around the anus. Condylomas may occur both in the perianal area and on the mucous membrane of the anal canal. They are often multiple, gradually increase in size, and may spread to adjacent areas.

Doctors at Oxford Medical explain: externally, an anal papilloma, a perianal condyloma, or a small anal wart may look similar, so it is impossible to determine the type of formation based only on its appearance.

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the main cause of papillomas and condylomas in the perianal area is HPV — the human papillomavirus. The infection is most often transmitted during vaginal or anal sexual contact. At the same time, the virus may not cause symptoms for a long time, and condylomas sometimes appear several months or even years after infection.

Risk factors for the development of HPV of the anus:

• unprotected sexual contact and frequent changes of sexual partners;
• reduced immune protection of the body;
• chronic diseases or the use of medications that suppress immunity;
• other sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia in women and men;
• microtrauma to the skin and mucous membrane of the perianal area.

Doctors at Oxford Medical explain that infection with HPV does not always lead to the appearance of neoplasms. In many people, the virus remains in the body without symptoms for a long time. At the same time, under certain conditions, it becomes active, as a result of which condylomas around the anus and other manifestations of the infection may appear.

Doctors at Oxford Medical recommend not postponing a consultation with a proctologist if the formations increase in size, bleed, or cause discomfort. Timely examination makes it possible to establish an accurate diagnosis and begin treatment at an early stage.

Diagnosis begins with a consultation with a proctologist. The doctor clarifies the complaints, after which an examination of the perianal area is performed. If necessary, a digital rectal examination is also performed to assess the condition of the anal canal.

To clarify the diagnosis and determine the extent of the process, the doctor may prescribe:

• anoscopy — examination of the anal canal using a special optical instrument that makes it possible to detect condylomas of the anal canal and assess the extent of pathological changes;
• sigmoidoscopy — an endoscopic examination of the rectum and the lower section of the sigmoid colon if there is a suspicion that the changes have spread higher;
• laboratory tests — according to indications, including testing for sexually transmitted infections;
• a biopsy followed by histological examination — if precancerous or malignant changes are suspected.

A comprehensive examination makes it possible not only to confirm the presence of papillomas on the anus, but also to determine the location, number, and size of the neoplasms, which helps select the most effective treatment method.

Treatment of condylomas in the anus involves their removal. The method is selected individually, taking into account the number, size, location, and extent of the neoplasms. After the examination, the doctor determines which method will be the most effective and best suited in the specific case.

The following may be used:

• laser removal — the neoplasms are removed using a laser beam, which simultaneously coagulates the blood vessels, helping to reduce bleeding during the procedure;
• radio wave removal with Surgitron — the neoplasms are removed using high-frequency radio waves with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues;
• cryodestruction — removal of neoplasms using liquid nitrogen;
• surgical treatment — is used for large, multiple, or widespread papillomas near the anus when minimally invasive methods are inappropriate or insufficiently effective.

After the removal of condylomas of the anus or other neoplasms, the doctor provides recommendations on caring for the intervention area, monitoring healing, and preventing recurrences.

Doctors at Oxford Medical recommend not attempting to remove papillomas or condylomas of the anal area independently. This may lead to bleeding, infection, and tissue scarring.

Even after the successful removal of neoplasms, there is a risk of their recurrence. This is due to the fact that the human papillomavirus may remain in the body without symptoms for a long time and become active again under certain conditions.

To reduce the risk of recurrence, it is recommended to:

• follow the doctor's recommendations after the removal of neoplasms;
• undergo follow-up examinations in a timely manner;
• use barrier methods of contraception during sexual contact;
• support the immune system through a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and regular physical activity;
• receive vaccination against papillomavirus if it is recommended by a doctor.

Doctors at Oxford Medical recommend not ignoring the appearance of new formations in the perianal area. The sooner the patient consults a doctor, the easier it is to eliminate the problem at the initial stage.

The cost of removing papillomas in the anus depends on the number, size, and location of the neoplasms, as well as the selected treatment method. The doctor determines the final treatment plan and its cost after the examination.

You can review the prices for doctor consultations and other medical services in advance here. To make an appointment, use the online appointment form or contact the Oxford Medical contact center.

The information is for informational purposes and does not replace a doctor's consultation.

Sources:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
• World Health Organization