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Nonspecific ulcerative colitis — is a chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, which has a wave-like course and requires regular medical control. Ulcerative colitis of the intestine usually begins with mildly expressed symptoms: periodic discomfort in the abdomen, stool disorders and general weakness. Over time, the manifestations may intensify and become more pronounced. That is why it is important not to wait until the symptoms of ulcerative colitis worsen, but to consult a doctor in a timely manner.
Modern diagnostics allows to determine an accurate diagnosis, assess the распространенность inflammatory process and select treatment that will help achieve remission. In the clinic «Oxford Medical» you can sign up for an appointment with a gastroenterologist, undergo the necessary examinations and receive a substantiated treatment program. Early consultation helps to control the disease and reduce the risk of complications.
The exact mechanism of the development of the disease has not been fully clarified. Today, it is believed that the cause of ulcerative colitis lies not in one factor, but in a combination of several factors that trigger and maintain a chronic inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the large intestine.
Most often, it is a matter of a disruption in the functioning of the immune system. Under certain conditions, it begins to react excessively actively and damage the intestine’s own tissues. As a result, prolonged inflammation characteristic of UC is formed.
The factors that may play a role in the development of the disease include:
It is important to understand that ulcerative colitis does not arise suddenly without prerequisites. As a rule, the disease develops gradually, against the background of already existing changes in the functioning of the immune system and the intestinal mucous membrane.
The symptoms of ulcerative colitis may differ depending on the activity of the process,
the extent of the lesion, and the individual characteristics of the body.
The most characteristic signs of ulcerative colitis:
frequent bowel movements, sometimes with mucus or blood;
lower abdominal pain, which may worsen before defecation;
feeling of incomplete emptying, bloating and abdominal discomfort;
general weakness and fatigue.
It is worth considering that the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in adults are not always limited only to intestinal manifestations. In some cases, joint pain, skin rashes, or eye irritation are possible. Such changes are also related to the characteristics of the immune response.
If the symptoms recur or persist for a long time, it is important not to postpone consulting a doctor. Early diagnosis makes it possible to assess the activity of the inflammatory process and begin treatment in a timely manner.
The first stage is a consultation with a gastroenterologist. During the examination, the nature of the complaints, their duration, the frequency of exacerbations, previous infections, the use of medications, and the presence of concomitant diseases are clarified.
Since nonspecific colitis has a chronic course and may resemble other pathologies of the large intestine, the examination must be comprehensive. The main methods include:
In most cases, it is recommended to have a colonoscopy, since this examination is what makes it possible to confirm ulcerative colitis of the intestine, determine the degree of inflammatory activity, and exclude other diseases, in particular Crohn’s disease.
According to indications, ultrasound examination (ultrasound), CT, or MRI may be prescribed to assess the condition of adjacent structures and identify possible complications.
The basis of treatment is drug therapy. Depending on the clinical situation, anti-inflammatory drugs, agents that affect the immune system, as well as symptomatic drugs to reduce pain, normalize stool, and correct concomitant disorders are used. The regimen is selected individually, taking into account the severity of the course and the body's response to treatment.
An important component is the correction of lifestyle and diet. Nutrition in ulcerative colitis is selected depending on the activity of the inflammatory process. During the period of exacerbation, it is recommended to limit products that may mechanically or chemically irritate the mucous membrane: fresh vegetables with coarse fiber, fried and fatty dishes, smoked foods, spicy seasonings, alcohol, carbonated drinks. Preference is given to boiled or baked dishes, lean meat and fish, porridges, mucous soups. Meals should be fractional — in small portions 5–6 times a day. During remission, the diet is gradually expanded; however, new products are introduced step by step, assessing the body's reaction. The main task is to reduce the load on the intestine and not provoke a repeated exacerbation.
In most cases, conservative therapy makes it possible to control ulcerative colitis of the intestine and maintain long-term remission. However, in some patients, the disease may have a severe or complicated course.
Surgical intervention is considered in the following situations:
The extent of the operation is determined individually. In some cases, removal of the entire large intestine is performed, since the inflammatory process in UC usually has a widespread character. In certain clinical situations, resection of part of the intestine may be considered. The decision is made after a comprehensive examination and risk assessment, when drug treatment does not give the necessary result.
With a prolonged course or in the absence of proper control of the inflammatory process, the disease may lead to the development of complications. Their risk depends on the activity of the disease, the extent of the lesion, and the regularity of observation.
The most significant complications include:
In addition to intestinal manifestations, so-called extraintestinal complications are possible. They are related to the characteristics of the immune response and may manifest as damage to the joints, skin, eyes, or liver.
Prevention of ulcerative colitis is aimed at reducing the risk of exacerbations, maintaining remission, and lowering the likelihood of complications. It is based on a systematic approach to lifestyle and regular medical control.
Main recommendations:
Following these recommendations helps maintain a stable course of UC, reduce the frequency of exacerbations, and improve quality of life.
The cost of treatment depends on the scope of the necessary diagnostics and the type of therapy. In each case, the examination and treatment plan is selected individually after a doctor's consultation.
You can preliminarily ознакомиться with the prices of doctors' consultations here. To make an appointment and receive the necessary medical services, choose a convenient time and contact the contact center or use the online appointment form on the website.
Ulcerative colitis belongs to chronic inflammatory diseases, therefore it is impossible to completely eliminate it with medication. However, modern therapy makes it possible to achieve stable remission — a period without symptoms or with minimal manifestations. Under the condition of regular medical monitoring and compliance with the doctor’s recommendations, most patients can live a full life without frequent exacerbations.
The duration of treatment depends on the activity of the disease. During an exacerbation, intensive therapy may last several weeks, after which they switch to maintenance treatment. Since the disease has a chronic course, it requires prolonged medical monitoring — sometimes for years. Regular therapy helps reduce the risk of repeated exacerbations and complications.
The diet is selected individually depending on the phase of the disease. During the period of exacerbation, easily digestible dishes are recommended: boiled or baked meat, lean fish, porridges, mucous soups, fermented milk products with low fat content. It is worth avoiding coarse fiber, fried and spicy dishes. During remission, the diet is gradually expanded, assessing the tolerance of products.
Ulcerative colitis affects only the large intestine and mainly the superficial layers of its mucous membrane. Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract — from the oral cavity to the rectum — and spread to all layers of the intestinal wall. The nature of inflammation, possible complications, and approaches to treatment also differ.
Alcohol may irritate the intestinal mucous membrane and intensify inflammation, especially during the period of exacerbation. Even small doses sometimes provoke an intensification of symptoms. Therefore, during the active phase of the disease, alcohol is recommended to be excluded. During remission, the possibility of its consumption should be discussed with a doctor individually.
Smoking negatively affects the condition of the body and may complicate the course of chronic inflammatory diseases. It worsens microcirculation, affects the immune response, and increases the risk of complications. Despite various studies, doctors recommend giving up smoking to reduce the risk of exacerbations and maintain stable remission.
Comprehensive approach. Patients can have a consultation, undergo the necessary diagnostics, and begin treatment in one medical center.
Experienced gastroenterologists. Appointments are conducted by highly qualified doctors who work in accordance with modern clinical guidelines.
Modern diagnostics. At the clinic, you can have tests done, undergo an ultrasound, CT, or MRI, as well as have a colonoscopy, which makes it possible to determine the diagnosis accurately.
Individual treatment strategy. The therapy plan is formed taking into account the form and activity of the disease, the frequency of exacerbations, and the general condition of the patient.
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